Contains high levels of beneficial nitrates and polyphenols. Note: Arugula also has glucosinolates. These natural substances, which give arugula its bitter taste and strong scent, may protect you against certain cancers, including breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancers. The antioxidants and vitamins in arugula can fight inflammation and bacteria. They may also lower cholesterol and improve your circulation. The ample vitamin K in arugula is good for both your bones and your brain.